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Association between Rosacea and Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Li, Y, Guo, L, Hao, D, Li, X, Wang, Y, Jiang, X
BioMed research international. 2020;:7015249
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies, but not all, have suggested a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in rosacea patients. This study is aimed at investigating the association between rosacea and CVDs and related risk factors. METHODS We performed a literature search through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their respective inception to December 21, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and performed analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines. Odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcomes. The included studies' quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS The final meta-analysis included ten studies. The pooled analysis found no association between rosacea prevalence and the incidence of CVDs (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.86-1.10). Rosacea was found to be significantly associated with several risk factors for CVDs (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05-1.31), including hypertension (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02-1.35), dyslipidemia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.00-1.79), and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.09-2.72). However, no association was found between rosacea and diabetes mellitus (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82-1.16). Among the biological parameters, a significant association was found between rosacea and total cholesterol (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.00, 0.81; p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.56; p < 0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41; p < 0.05). We found no association between rosacea and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.00; 95% CI = -0.18, 0.18; p = 0.968) or triglycerides (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI = -0.04, 0.24; p = 0.171). CONCLUSIONS Although no significant association was found between rosacea and CVDs, rosacea was found to be associated with several of related risk factors. Patients with rosacea should pay more attention to identifiable CVD risk factors, especially those related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
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Clinical association of metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein and testosterone levels with clinically significant prostate cancer.
Gómez-Gómez, E, Carrasco-Valiente, J, Campos-Hernández, JP, Blanca-Pedregosa, AM, Jiménez-Vacas, JM, Ruiz-García, J, Valero-Rosa, J, Luque, RM, Requena-Tapia, MJ
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. 2019;(2):934-942
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Abstract
Recently, the influence that metabolic syndrome (MetS), hormonal alterations and inflammation might have on prostate cancer (PCa) risk has been a subject of controversial debate. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between MetS-components, C-reactive protein (CRP) and testosterone levels, and the risk of clinically significant PCa (Sig-PCa) at the time of prostate biopsy. For that, men scheduled for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate were studied. Clinical, laboratory parameters and criteria for MetS characterization just before the biopsy were collected. A total of 524 patients were analysed, being 195 (37.2%) subsequently diagnosed with PCa and 240 (45.8%) meet the diagnostic criteria for MetS. Among patients with PCa, MetS-diagnosis was present in 94 (48.2%). Remarkably, a higher risk of Sig-PCa was associated to MetS, greater number of MetS-components and higher CRP levels (odds-ratio: 1.83, 1.30 and 2.00, respectively; P < 0.05). Moreover, higher circulating CRP levels were also associated with a more aggressive Gleason score in PCa patients. Altogether, our data reveal a clear association between the presence of MetS, a greater number of MetS-components or CRP levels >2.5 mg/L with an increased Sig-PCa diagnosis and/or with aggressive features, suggesting that MetS and/or CRP levels might influence PCa pathophysiology.
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[Metabolic syndrome and concentrations of uric acid and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein].
Roldán-Menco, C, Díaz-Perez, A, Barrios-Puerta, Z, Pinto-Aragón, EE
Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia). 2017;(5):603-608
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to ATP III and its correlation with the concentration of uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP) in people aged between 45 and 60, living in the Getsemaní neighborhood of Cartagena. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational, descriptive-correlational study on a population of 802 inhabitants of the Getsemaní neighborhood of Cartagena, Colombia. A random sample of 302 inhabitants was analyzed with a 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. ATP III diagnostic criteria were applied, and the instrument used included basic data about the general context of the patient (social, demographic and economic aspects, family history, work activity and physical characteristics such as weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and BMI), as well as diagnostic tests such as glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc, uric acid and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the susceptible population is 18 %. The most common metabolic syndrome factor is abdominal obesity with 85 %, followed by increase of triglycerides by 76 %. CONCLUSION The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was considered high when applying ATP III criteria. No significant association was observed regarding CRP values and the chances of developing metabolic syndrome in both men and women. However, uric acid levels were correlated to the disease in the group of women susceptible to suffering from MS with a value of p=0.0022.
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Effect of nutritional status and dietary patterns on human serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 concentrations.
Smidowicz, A, Regula, J
Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.). 2015;(6):738-47
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The inflammatory process plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, and metabolic syndrome. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are widely tested inflammatory markers involved in the development of these diseases. Several studies indicate a relation between nutritional status and the concentrations of human high-sensitivity CRP and IL-6. Similarly, the role of diet in reducing inflammation and thereby modulating the risk of non-communicable diseases is supported by numerous studies. This review focuses on the effects of the selected nutrition models in humans on the concentrations of CRP and IL-6. It seems that the Mediterranean diet model is most effective in inhibiting inflammation. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension model and the plant nutrition model also have proven to be beneficial. The data on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets are inconclusive. Comprehensive studies are necessary, taking into account the cumulative effect of dietary and other factors on the inflammatory process.
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Clinical correlation between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and angiographic coronary atherosclerosis.
Ribeiro, DG, Silva, RP, Barboza, DR, Lima-Júnior, RC, Ribeiro, RA
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2014;(6):405-12
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the clinical correlation between angiographic coronary atherosclerosis and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide along with other known correlated factors. METHODS In total, 153 patients with a diagnostic hypothesis of stable angina, unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction were classified as group A (patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries) or group B (patients with angiographic coronary atherosclerosis). The two groups were analyzed with respect to the following factors: gender, age, body mass index, abdominal circumference, smoking, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, early family history of atherosclerosis, statin use, the presence of metabolic syndrome, clinical presentation and biochemical factors, including cholesterol, creatinine and fibrinogen plasma concentrations, monocyte counts and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. RESULTS Univariate analyses comparing the two groups revealed that group B patients more frequently had diabetes, used statins and had systolic dysfunction, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels ≥ 250 pg/mL, fibrinogen levels >500 mg/dL and ≥ 501 monocytes/mm3 compared with group A patients (p<0.05). Nevertheless, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent predictors of angiographic coronary atherosclerosis were an N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level ≥ 250 pg/mL, diabetes mellitus and increased monocyte numbers and fibrinogen plasma concentration, regardless of the creatinine level or the presence of systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS An N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentration of ≥ 250 pg/mL is an independent predictor of angiographic coronary atherosclerosis.
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Acute effects of feeding fructose, glucose and sucrose on blood lipid levels and systemic inflammation.
Jameel, F, Phang, M, Wood, LG, Garg, ML
Lipids in health and disease. 2014;:195
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between fructose consumption and risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms by which dietary fructose mediates metabolic changes are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of fructose, glucose and sucrose consumption on post-postprandial lipemia and low grade inflammation measured as hs-CRP. METHODS This was a randomized, single blinded, cross-over trial involving healthy subjects (n=14). After an overnight fast, participants were given one of 3 different isocaloric drinks, containing 50 g of either fructose or glucose or sucrose dissolved in water. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention for the analysis of blood lipids, glucose, insulin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS Glucose and sucrose supplementation initially resulted in a significant increase in glucose and insulin levels compared to fructose supplementation and returned to near baseline values within 2 hours. Change in plasma cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol (measured as area under curve, AUC) was significantly higher when participants consumed fructose compared with glucose or sucrose (P<0.05). AUC for plasma triglyceride levels however remained unchanged regardless of the dietary intervention. Change in AUC for hs-CRP was also significantly higher in subjects consuming fructose compared with those consuming glucose (P<0.05), but not sucrose (P=0.07). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that fructose as a sole source of energy modulates plasma lipids and hsCRP levels in healthy individuals. The significance of increase in HDL-cholesterol with a concurrent increase in LDL-cholesterol and elevated hs-CRP levels remains to be delineated when considering health effects of feeding fructose-rich diets. REGISTRATION NUMBER FOR CLINICAL TRIALS ACTRN12614000431628.
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Plasma pentraxin 3 levels do not predict coronary events but reflect metabolic disorders in patients with coronary artery disease in the CARE trial.
Miyazaki, T, Chiuve, S, Sacks, FM, Ridker, PM, Libby, P, Aikawa, M
PloS one. 2014;(4):e94073
Abstract
Chronic inflammation closely associates with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Evidence indicates that the immunomodulator pentraxin 3 (PTX3) may serve as a biomarker of these cardiometabolic disorders, but whether PTX3 predicts cardiovascular complications is unknown. We examined the association of plasma PTX3 levels with recurrent coronary events via a prospective, nested, case-control design in the CARE trial. Among 4159 patients who had a prior myocardial infarction 3 to 20 months before enrollment and also had total cholesterol levels <240 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol levels between 115 and 175 mg/dL, we measured plasma PTX3 levels at baseline by high-sensitivity ELISA in 413 cases with recurrent myocardial infarction or coronary death during a 5-year follow-up period, and in 366 sex- and age-matched controls. Cases with recurrent coronary events and controls had similar PTX3 levels, and PTX3 did not predict recurrent coronary events - a finding that contrasts with that of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in this cohort. We then associated PTX3 levels with metabolic disorders. Low plasma PTX3 levels correlated with high body-mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides; and with low HDL cholesterol. Overall, PTX3 levels correlated inversely with the number of metabolic syndrome components. PTX3 levels also correlated inversely with apoCIII and tissue plasminogen activator, but did not associate with CRP. Although the study further links low PTX3 levels with various features associated with metabolic syndrome, the results do not indicate that PTX3 can predict recurrent coronary events among MI survivors.
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Daily consumption of grapefruit for 6 weeks reduces urine F2-isoprostanes in overweight adults with high baseline values but has no effect on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1.
Dow, CA, Wertheim, BC, Patil, BS, Thomson, CA
The Journal of nutrition. 2013;(10):1586-92
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Abstract
Individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, in part due to heightened inflammatory/oxidative processes. Results from epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest that citrus, and grapefruit in particular, may have a role in promoting vascular health, although clinical trial data are lacking. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of habitual grapefruit consumption in 69 overweight/obese men and women and in a subsample of participants with MetS (n = 29). Participants were randomly assigned to either a grapefruit group in which they consumed a low bioactive diet plus 1.5 grapefruit/d for 6 wk (n = 37, n = 14 with MetS) or to a control condition in which a low bioactive diet devoid of citrus was consumed (n = 32, n = 15 with MetS). Plasma soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and urinary F2-isoprostanes were evaluated before and after the intervention phase. F2-isoprostane concentrations were not different in the grapefruit versus control arm after the intervention (12.4 ± 6.4 vs. 15.9 ± 9.0 ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.16), whereas plasma hsCRP concentrations tended to be lower in the grapefruit versus control arm postintervention (2.1 ± 1.5 vs. 2.8 ± 2.0 mg/L, P = 0.09). In adults with MetS, grapefruit consumption tended to result in lower postintervention F2-isoprostane concentrations compared with the control condition (12.0 ± 4.5 vs. 18.3 ± 10.9 ng/mg creatinine, P = 0.06). Furthermore, those with high baseline F2-isoprostane concentrations experienced significant reductions in this biomarker in response to grapefruit consumption (P = 0.021). Change in sVCAM-1 concentrations did not vary by treatment arm nor were there differences between arms postintervention. These results suggest that intake of grapefruit twice daily for 6 wk does not significantly reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, although there is a suggestion of favorable modulation of oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults with MetS or those with high baseline urine F2-isoprostane concentrations.
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Follow-ups of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in middle-aged subjects without metabolic syndrome.
Kim, OY, Paik, JK, Lee, JY, Lee, SH, Lee, JH
Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993). 2013;(5):382-8
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This study investigates the association among metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). We conducted a 3-year longitudinal, observational study of 288 middle-aged adults not meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) at the initial screening. We measured metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and ba-PWV. Within the 3-year study period, 15.6% (45 out of 288) of participants developed MetS. At the 3-year follow-up, patients were categorized as those with MetS (n = 45) and those without MetS (n = 243). Patients with MetS had significantly unfavorable initial measurements of baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and ba-PWV. After 3 years, participants without MetS showed significant increases in WC, diastolic BP (DBP), total- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA). Subjects who developed MetS showed significant increases in BMI, WC, BP, TG, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MDA, ox-LDL, and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Changes in BMI, WC, BP, TG, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, HOMA-IR index, FFA, C-reactive protein (P = .022), IL-6 (P = .004), leukocyte count (P < .001), MDA (P = .002), ox-LDL (P = .015), and ba-PWV (P = .001) differed significantly between the two groups after adjustment for baseline values. Changes in ba-PWV were positively correlated with the changes in systolic and DBP, total-cholesterol, glucose, leukocyte count, and MDA. The age-related increase in arterial stiffness is greater in the presence of MetS with higher levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Metabolic syndrome and C-reactive protein in patients with depressive disorder on antidepressive medication.
Stanojević, A, Popović, I, Nenadović, M, Ravanić, D, Paunović-Milosavljević, G
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo. 2013;(7-8):511-5
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent depression is a psychiatric disorder of which etiology and pathogenesis might be related to immune response. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are also strongly associated with elevated inflammatory indicators, as so as the body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol levels. OBJECTIVE Objective of this study was to investigate if there was any difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with recurrent depressive disorder, treated with antidepressants, compared to a healthy control group of subjects and if there was an association between increased CRP levels and the presence of MetS in these two groups. METHODS Sixty subjects entered the study; of these 35 patients with the diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder, while the healthy control group included 25 subjects. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. The cut-off point for CRP was set at > 5 mg/L. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of MetS and CRP values between the studied groups. Waist circumference and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the experimental group. Patients that fulfilled the criteria for MetS showed significantly higher values of central obesity and arterial hypertension in the experimental group as well. The elevated CRP levels were associated with increased frequency of MetS in depressed patients. CONCLUSION Both CRP levels and metabolic risk profile screening, according to the international criteria, may be beneficial in order to obtain better assessment for depressive long-term medicated patients.